Network monitoring and analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Network monitoring and analysis - Assignment Example 214). Indiscriminate requests for entry into the network at such a rate that the servers fail to respond in a timely manner leading to congestion formation is one of the characteristic features of Denial of Service action. Tear Dropping and peer to peer attacks are commonly known actions and activities that are entailed in the domain of DoS attacks on the networks. Different actions may be undertaken as counter measures against DoS. The installation of an effective firewall is one possible solution against this menace. Firewall allows sequential entry of traffic and requests and subsequently prevents the system from overflow and flooding of requests. Other possible options of security include techniques such as Black holding, or simply use of switches as an alternate. The technique of Internet Based Prevention System is also an option against the DoS activity which allows running a smooth operational

Richard Nixon Essay Example for Free

Richard Nixon Essay Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974, when he became the only president to resign the office. Nixon had previously served as a Republican U.S. representative and senator from California and as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961. Nixon was born in Yorba Linda, California. He graduated from Whittier College in 1934 and Duke University School of Law in 1937, returning to California to practice law. He and his wife, Pat Nixon, moved to Washington to work for the federal government in 1942. He subsequently served in the United States Navy during World War II. Nixon was elected in California to the House of Representatives in 1946 and to the Senate in 1950. His pursuit of the Alger Hiss case established his reputation as a leading anti-communist, and elevated him to national prominence. He was the running mate of Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Republican Party presidential nominee in the 1952 election. Nixon served for eight years as vice president. He waged an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 1960, narrowly losing to John F. Kennedy, and lost a race for Governor of California in 1962. In 1968, he ran again for the presidency and was elected. Although Nixon initially escalated Americas involvement in the Vietnam War, he subsequently ended U.S. involvement in 1973. NixonsRichard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974, when he became the only president to resign the office. Nixon had previously served as a Republican U.S. representative and senator from California and as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961. Nixon was born in Yorba Linda, California. He graduated from Whittier College in 1934 and Duke University School of Law in 1937, returning to California to practice law. He and his wife, Pat Nixon, moved to Washington to work for the federal government in 1942. He subsequently served in the United States Navy during World War II. Nixon was elected in California to the House of Representatives in 1946 and to the Senate in 1950. His pursuit of the Alger Hiss case established his reputation as a leading anti-communist, and elevated him to national prominence. He was the running mate of Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Republican Party presidential nominee in the 1952 election. Nixon served for eight years as vice president. He waged an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 1960, narrowly losing to John F. Kennedy, and lost a race for Governor of California in 1962. In 1968, he ran again for the presidency and was elected. Although Nixon initially escalated Americas involvement in the Vietnam War, he subsequently ended U.S. involvement in 1973. Nixons

Importance of International Marketing

Importance of International Marketing Jump to: SWOT Analysis | External Analysis | Marketing Mix Analysis International marketing is an important aspect of a businesss planning process if they wish to go global. Today, almost every marketing organisation, large or small, is touched in some way by global competition- from the America florist that buys its flowers from Dutch nurseries, to the Melbourne clothing retailer that sources its merchandise in Asia, to the American electronics manufacturer competing in its home markets with giant Japanese rivals, to the Australian consumer goods designer leading the way with new products for international markets. Kotler P, Brown L, Adam S, Burton S, Armstrong G (2007). Before an organisation makes the decision to go global and sell its products to a new market they must research their potential markets in terms of the political and legal environment, the economic structure of the market and who the organisation will market its products to and how it will do this. This essay focuses on why international marketing is important and how an organisation can seek out opportunities and eliminate threats. Body Kotler P, et al (2007) states Marketing is an organisational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organisation and its stakeholders. Managing the consumer relationship as well as the stakeholders requires understanding the different needs and wants of the different parties involved. The consumers want the best quality product at the cheapest price however this comes at a cost for the organisation because they also have a duty of care in managing the relationship with the stakeholders for example the shareholders who want to make a high return on their investment. Businesses wanting to move their products in the global market use International marketing when they gather information about their target market. The information gathered would include such things as; the demographics of the market, the current political environment, what economic system the country operates under and the culture of the country. International marketing is essential for businesses to survive in the global marketplace. Not taking international marketing seriously could lead to the business failure in their overseas markets. However using the right tools the organisation can avoid this. Why is International Marketing important? International marketing is important for businesses wanting to grow in the global market where businesses compete for consumers last dollar. International marketing looks at what it currently does e.g. who they market to, how they do this. However in the global sense, it looks at what it has to change to get the new market and what can it keep the same as back home. What other competition exists in the new market, what laws exists that may affect the businesses operations, how can the product adopt the different culture. Market Opportunity The business may use a SWOT analysis to determine what its current position is in the market place is. The SWOT analysis looks at the organisations internal and external factors and assess what it needs to do to increase the strengths and eliminate the weaknesses and use the opportunities available to decrease any threats. Internal S: Strengths This includes the businesses capabilities, for example experience and knowledge in the market place, whether the organisation has any competitive advantage, for example the right people working for the organisation, the quality of the product and at a price that its competitors cant beat. Another factor to consider is the brand image, whether the brands image is established or not, and whether it is easy to recognise. W: Weaknesses This may include gaps in the capabilities of the organisation, for example, a lack of cash flow, a lack of knowledge in the certain area or a lack of leadership. External O: Opportunities An opportunity can be that the organisations products or service can fill a niche in the market place, the new market maybe closer to the businesses supply chain resulting in a lower cost for the product. T: Threats The political structure of the market, the legal barriers, changing customer expectations. Economic environment There are four main types of economic structures: Market capitalism, centrally planned socialism, centrally planned capitalism, and market socialism. As described by Keegan Green (2005) Market capitalism is an economic system in which individuals and firms allocate resources and production resources are privately owned. Therefore consumers decide what goods they desire and firms determine what and how much to produce; the role of the state is to promote competition and ensure consumer protection. This is currently the most common economic system around the world. Countries operating under Market capitalism are the easiest to get into, but also have the most competition, which means businesses wanting to move into countries with market capitalism will have to put the time into looking at whether the organisation has any sources of competitive advantage, and if it does not, what it can do to be able to gain a competitive advantage. As described by Keegan Green (2005) Centrally Planned Socialism is where the state has the broad power to serve the public interests as it sees fit. State planners make top down decisions about what goods and services are produced and in what quantities and therefore consumers spend their money on what is available. Organisations wanting to move their products and/or services into countries that operate under centrally planned socialism have to have a clear plan for its entry into the marketplace. There will be less economic freedom in centrally planned socialist countries because the state makes the decision on who receives resources. This is the most difficult market to get into due to the controls placed on organisations by the state. If an organisation is wanting to operate in this particular marketplace, it may have to enter into a partnership agreement with the government. Political Risk factors As stated by Kotabe and Helsen (2008) the political environment in every country is regularly changing. New social pressures can force governments to make new laws or to enforce old policies differently. Policies that supported international investment may change towards isolationism or nationalism. The environment in each target market should be analysed to determine its level of economic and political risk and opportunity. Organisations moving into the global market, it must assess the political risk, the organisation must be aware of the history of the political and economic structure of the country as well as the current systems which the country operates under. Political risk is the risk of a change in the political environment or the governments policy, which could adversely affect a companys ability to operate effectively and profitability. If the political risk is too high in a country, foreign investment is going to be low. Some of the political risks involved for international marketing are; The political structure of the country; how rapidly are the government of the country is changed. This factor relates to the governments polices and the level of bureaucracy involved in the system. Other factors include how prevalent corruption is in the normal day to day operations of the business. This will affect the businesses ethical and social responsibility and may have a negative on its brand image. An example of how the political situation can change rapidly and have a negative impact on organisations is Cuba. Under the Batista dictatorship foreign investment, mostly from the United States of America flowed in, eventually reaching around 2 billion dollars. However communist revolutionaries commanded by Fidel Castro seized Havana and overthrew Batista in 1959, and proceeded to nationalise much of the assets owned by foreign investors. Market segmentation Markets consist of buyers, and buyers differ in one or more ways. They may differ in their wants, resources, location, buying attitudes and buying practices. Because buyers have unique needs and wants, each buyer is potentially a separate market. Organisations have to choose parts of the market which they want to target rather than competing for the entire market; this is what market segmentation is, breaking the market into different groups of people, based on their needs and wants, as well as what makes them want to buy a product. This all allows the organisation to determine who their products are aimed at. Demographic segmentation This involves dividing the market into groups based on each demographic variable, for example, the age, gender, family size, family life-cycle, income, occupation, education, religion and nationality of individuals who buy the businesses products. For example Chinas population is 300 times larger of New Zealands. Therefore the organisation must break these groups of the potential buyer of the product. Behavioural segmentation Behaviour segmentation focuses on whether or not people buy and use a product, as well as how often and what quantity consumers use or consume. Researching this information about the new market, the business may find opportunities such as there is a niche in the market that consumers look for in a product. Behavioural segmentation is about the potential benefits people look for in a product. Psychographic segmentation Psychographic segmentation involves grouping people in terms of their attitudes, value, and lifestyles. This information is usually obtained through surveys and questionnaires and other types of studies. Marketing Mix Product Introducing your product in the international market comes with a whole new marketing mix analysis. When opening an organisations product to a new market the organisation has to assess what the product is, what it stands for and how the organisation is going to market this product. If there are already similar products in this market, how is the business going to different the product from its competition? The brand image of the product may be a source of competitive advantage to the organisation. Whether the product is locally made or made in another country, is all part of the brand image. This plays out in the perception that if a product is made in Asia, it might not be of the same quality as it would be if it was made in New Zealand. Going into a new market, the organisation has to take into account the religion and the culture of the country. For example selling NZ pork in Indonesia; Indonesia is the largest Muslim country in the world. How does an organisation market this product? Through the market segmentation, the organisation should be able to break down different groups of people in that country for example how many non-Muslims live in that country, which can help the organisation market its product. The organisation must also figure out how it can do this without upsetting the main religion of the country. Price Selling the product at the right price that best suits the product. Going to a new market the organisation may have to change its pricing strategies to match the country. This all depends on several factors, such as how much competition there is in the market, whether the product the organisation is selling is in a low income area, which would have the result of many people not being able to afford to buy the product if it is too expensive. Promotion When an organisation is promoting their product and/or service in the international marketplace, it has to consider factor such as, what the organisation does currently to promote its product/service and how or if they can change this form of promotion to reach a new target market. The type of promotion that the organisation used domestically may not work the same in the foreign marketplace due to different demographics, culture etc. When Fisher Paykel launched its product line in China earlier this year, they launched it at the biggest appliance show in China, knowing that there would be a lot of viewers and potential buyers of their products at this show. Placement Placement is the distribution of an organisations product and is an important aspect of entering a foreign marketplace. In order to sell their products an organisation has to have an effective distribution network, and establishing one can often be a very expensive and time consuming job. One way to gain a distribution network is to acquire wholely an existing business that sells a competing product. Conclusion International Marketing is important for businesses that are thinking of going global or already have. How the organisation reached its target market domestically may not work the same in the new marketplace. There are different tools that the businesses can use to find opportunities, and also many strategies to use in the new marketplace which will improve the chances of a return on the time and money the organisation invested in its new marketplace Before entering the new marketplace the organisation may carry out research to find out which countries will provide the best return for the organisation, this can be done by analysing the countrys economic system and the level of political risk present. An organisation may use a SWOT analysis to look at its current internal and external environment. A SWOT analysis will outline the organisations strengths, whether it has any competitive advantages and if so how can they use this to their benefit. The SWOT analysis also highlights the organisations weakness and any opportunities threats that may arise for the organisation. The organisation may use market segmentation as another tool to analyse who its target market is through demographic, psychographic and behavioural segmentation, as well as who may use their product/service, when they may use the product/service, how this product could be used and why and how it can reach all of its target market. Another tool that the organisation may use is a marketing mix analysis, this analyses what its products are, what pricing strategy it will use in the new market, how the organisation can promote the product, whether it will keep the same promotion method as it does domestically or promote it differently and how will they get the products to the consumers. International marketing is more than just selling your products in a new marketplace, it is about building relationships with the consumers, for the organisation to do this it must understand what the needs and wants of their consumers are, and at price will they pay to get this. Reference Keegan, W.J., Green, M.C. (2005). Global Marketing. (4TH ed.). Upper Saddle River, N, J: Prentice Hall. p. 151, 154,155,228,235,237,49 Kotabem M., Helsen, K. (2008). Global Marketing Management. (4TH ed.). Hoboken, N, J: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Kotler, P, Brown, L, Adam, S, Burton, S, Armstrong G. (2007). (7TH ed.). Frenchs Forest, NSW; Pearson Education Australia. p.25, 7

Religion and Reference: Reference Service Problems Essay example -- E

Religion and Reference: Reference Service Problems Abstract The topic of religion can lead to librarian/patron confrontation at the reference desk. This problem can result equally from the over-zealousness of the religious librarian or the disdain of the anti-religious librarian. Most of the discussion on this topic revolves, either explicitly or implicitly, around the ALA’s Library Bill of Rights and Code of Ethics. This article looks at these documents as they pertain to reference service. Then it surveys the discussion about this issue from both secular and religious sources, dividing those sources into categories of those that agree in principle with the ALA and those that disagree with the ALA in principle. Introduction If you want to be popular at dinner parties never discuss politics or religion. The problem with the theory is that politics and religion are the two major methods of socialization. Therefore, people can be expected to have strong opinions on these topics. Since society is not heterogeneous with respect to either of the two, interaction problems can occur. In the library one major area of conflict that can occur is at the reference desk. In this case the problem can result from the feelings of the librarian, the patron, or both. This paper will concentrate on the problems that arise from religious opinions. American Library Association The American Library Association has shown a deep concern for the rights of patrons and the relationship between patrons and librarians in the creation of its Library Bill of Rights and Code of Ethics. This paper will review both documents with respect to their impact on reference librarian professional ethics. All materials discussed in ... ...c library practice (pp. 185-191). Portland, OR: Portland University Press. Smith, G. A. (2000). A philosophy of Christian librarianship. The Christian Librarian, 43 (2), 46-51, 58-59. Smith, G. A. (2002a). Afterword: The future of Christian librarianship. In G. A. Smith (Ed.), Christian librarianship: Essays on the integration of faith and profession (pp. 201-204). Jefferson, NC: McFarland. Smith, G. A. (2002b). The core virtue of Christian librarianship. The Christian Librarian, 45 (2), 46-51. United Nations General Assembly. (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved May 16, 2004, from http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html. Wengert, R. G. (2001). Some ethical aspects of being an informational professional. Library Trends, 49, 486-509. Retrieved May 2, 2004, from the Library Literature (via Wilson Web) database.

A Study And Definition Of Cabaret Drama Essay

The term ‘cabaret ‘ is derived from the Gallic word for wine basement or tap house, and finally was used to mention to any type of concern that sold alcoholic drinks. However, as historian Lisa Appignanesi explains, popular use ‘conjures up visions of sleazy strip articulations on clammy metropolis streets or cabarets where the extortionate monetary value of cocktails is seldom linked to the meager phase menu ‘ ( 2004: p. 1 ) . Cabaret, since its outgrowth in the late 1800s, has been a popular signifier of amusement, peculiarly during times of subjugation. This can be understood by following its early yearss in Paris, up through the German ‘Kabarett‘ , as it was known, in the 1920s and 1930s. The twelvemonth 1881 is frequently thought of as the ‘beginning ‘ of nightclub, for this was the twelvemonth in whichLe Chat Noir( or ‘Black Cat ‘ ) came into being in the Montmartre subdivision of Paris. However, Appignanesi points out that in the mid-fifteenth century in France, the impression of nightclub was already in being ; wine basements were often the venue for unrecorded amusement: ‘The two signifiers of artistic nightclub which were to emerge some centuries later were already at that place in source: nightclub as a meeting topographic point for creative persons where public presentation or improvisation takes topographic point among equals, and nightclub as an confidant, small-scale but intellectually ambitious review ‘ ( 2004: p. 1 ) . The signifier of nightclub that came into being in 1881 had a more rational and artistic ambiance, possibly in portion due to the formation of a literary society known as the ‘Hydropathes‘ . This was a group of creative persons, chiefly authors and poets, who would convene hebdomadal to portion work with one another. Their popularity grew quickly and their Numberss increased. This, harmonizing to Appignanesi, was the start of the true nature of nightclub: ‘It emerged either as a research lab, a testing land for immature creative persons who frequently intentionally advertised themselves as an daring, or as the satirical phase of modernity, a critically brooding mirror of topical events, ethical motives, political relations and civilization ‘ ( 2004: p. 5 ) .II. Gallic Cabaret By the 18th century France, the tradition of offering nutrient and drink had begun to take clasp ; nevertheless, it was non until the 19th century that the impression of ‘cafes-concerts ‘was to the full accepted. Rearick explains that ‘live ‘ vocalizing was highly common during the 1800s and up until the bend of the century ; record players were non common to the multitudes, so unrecorded amusement was the criterion: ‘In streets and courtyards, the fin-de-siecle Gallic on a regular basis listened to itinerant vocalists, as their ascendants had through the centuries ‘ ( Rearick, 1988: p. 46 ) . In the 1880s and 1890s, thesecafes-concertscontinued to proliferate, so that by the bend of the century there were more than 260 constitutions of the type ( Rearick, 1988: p. 46 ) . The music was uninterrupted, with vocal after vocal being performed, frequently to packed audiences.Le Chat Noir As stated above, 1881 is considered a landmark day of the month in cabaret history, as this was the twelvemonth in whichLe Chat Noir( or ‘Black Cat ‘ ) came into being in the Montmartre subdivision of Paris. Harmonizing to Appignanesi, the symbol of the black cat is derived from the work of Edgar Allan Poe, a clear indicant of the strong literary tradition nightclub was associated with. ‘The first cabaretists gave birth to an eclectic cat ‘ , notes Appignanesi. ‘A cat who could sing, declaim, dance, create shadow dramas, write music, wordss, travesty, and above all, perform ‘ ( 2004: p. 9 ) . Le Chat Noir was the inspiration of Roldolphe Salis, besides known as the Baron de la Tour de Naintre. Its initial place was a infinite of two suites, but its popularity increased so quickly that it shortly took topographic point in much more broad and elegant milieus. Salis is credited with holding introduced the piano to the nightclub, an add-on which greatl y enhanced the popularity of nightclubs among the populace. Salis did this despite the being of a authorities legislative act that prohibited music in nightclubs. This neglect for authorization has come to be associated with cabaret life as we have come to believe of it today. Salis ‘ following move was to ask for more and more creative persons and instrumentalists to pass clip at his constitution. He had become acquainted with fellow creative person Emile Goudeau, who was a Hydropath, and it was through Salis ‘ influence that the Hydropathes moved from the Left Bank to Le Chat Noir in Montmartre. Salis was besides known for his self-aggrandisement ; the cabaret shortly began to print a journalalso known asChat Noirin which he wrote: ‘The Chat Noir is the most extraordinary nightclub in the universe. You rub shoulders with the most celebrated work forces of Paris, meeting at that place with aliens from every corner of the universe ‘ (ChatNoir) . In general, the manner of the diary was frequently marked by macabre narratives, non unlike the work of Poe himself. Humorous essays were besides often featured. It besides contained illustrations, and a figure of postings by Toulouse-Lautrec, many of which can be seen on posting reissues from that era. In the 1880s, the primary illustrators of the diary included Adolphe Willette, Caran d'Ache, Theophile-Alexandre Steinlen, Henri Riviere and George Auriol (Chat Noir) . Cheap and easy accessible, the four-page diary rapidly grew in popularity ( Krafft, 2006: par. 2 ) . It was a signifier of look that was unfastened to everyo ne who wanted their voices to be heard.Shadow Theatre: Precursor of Cinema It is frequently thought that the shadow theater at Chat Noir was instrumental in the beginnings of film. Henri Riviere, whose illustrations appeared in the diary, was one of the cardinal figures involved. Zinc figures were silhouetted against a backlit background, and music and sometimes narrative would be included. The ensuing eyeglassess were rather popular and attracted such celebrated people as Claude Debussy, Eric Satie, and Toulouse-Lautrec ( Krafft, 2006: par. 6 ) . Riviere besides collaborated with George Auriol in the completion of a series of shadow books. These were to a great extent decorated in a Nipponese manner that shortly became known as the genreart nouveau.The most celebrated work that came out of this clip, nevertheless, was a volume known asLes Trente-six Vues de la Tour Eiffel,a series of prints, thirty-six in all, of Paris at the clip. The Nipponese influence is really evident in this work, peculiarly the work of Hokusai in his word pictures of Mount Fuji ( Kr afft, 2006: par. 8 ). The Chat Noir ‘s success was instrumental in doing Montmartre the centre of artistic life in Paris. Although it was non the lone nightclub, it was by far the most celebrated. Other constitutions includedCabaret des Quat'z ‘ Humanistic disciplines,La Lune Rousse,Les Pantins,and the more celebrated Le Mirliton. Le Mirliton is Gallic for ‘reed pipe ‘ , but has the secondary significance of ‘doggerel ‘ . The nightclub was really located in the original place of the Chat Noir, and the creative person most normally associated with it was Aristide Bruant. Bruant was ardently political, and his vocals are full of mentions to the desperation and poorness of victims of societal unfairness. Prisoners, cocottes, and castawaies in general were frequently topics of his work. The wordss were written in the linguistic communication of the streets, and were frequently satirical. Bruant himself was made celebrated in a posting of him that was created by Toulouse-Lau trec. Appignanesi describes his wordss as both acrimonious and hopeful: ‘With his deep affinity for the topics of his vocals, yet without a hint of moralising mawkishness, Bruant exposes the predicament of the lower deepnesss and the demand for alteration ‘ ( 2004: p. 27 ) . His wordss are frequently considered the root of the cabaret chanson tradition. Below are the wordss of a vocal that Bruant composed in 1898 for his election run for the legislative assembly, and one which represents the motives and political subjects that traditionally marked his work: If I were your deputy, Oho! Oho! One can merely seek I would add the word Humanity To the three of our radical call. Alternatively of talking every twenty-four hours For the democracy or the imperium Making addresss that leap into fire, But have nil to state I ‘d defend the mewling baby Of unwed female parents, the hapless old common people Who freeze in the wintry metropolis, They ‘d be every bit warm as a summer ‘s twenty-four hours If I were made deputy In Belleville. ( Bruant, qtd. in Appignanesi, 2004: p. 27 ) We can see in Bruant ‘s wordss the sorts of issues that were relevant and the political ambiance at that clip. It is no surprise that he sings of hungry kids ( ‘mewling babies ‘ ) , unwed female parents, the impoverished, the homeless ‘who freezing in the wintry metropolis ‘ . These were the people who were unaccustomed to holding a voice in society ; nightclub offered them a forum, a manner of self-expression that would hopefully take to the societal reforms that were so urgently needed.Womans in Cabaret Womans were non actively involved in nightclub in these early yearss, but they were non wholly unrepresented. Yvette Guilbert ( 1867-1944 ) was one of the few adult females of this clip period who performed cabaret-type vocals. She got her start in traditional theater in Paris, but shortly moved to Montmartre, which was genuinely the centre of artistic spirit at the clip. Her manner was alone ; she would both talk and sing her wordss, a trait for which she was shortly known as ‘diseuse five de siecle ‘, or end-of-the-century Teller. She appeared chiefly in such locales as the Divan Japonais, the Moulin Rouge, and Les Ambassadeursthough she did non execute in nightclubs themselves. In the early yearss of nightclub, nevertheless, adult females were a rareness: Appignanesi points out that ‘the signifier had to go to Germany and Austria before adult females became an built-in portion of its makeup ‘ ( 2004: p. 29 ) .II. Cabaret in Berlin Cabaret began to distribute in popularity, traveling far beyond the boundaries of Paris and France. It became even more popular all across Europe at the terminal of World War I, where it found a comfy niche in which to boom. Wilhelmine Germany, nevertheless, was non every bit free-spirited as Paris was: ‘A hierarchal construction of authorization prevailed, breeding a battalion of uniformed functionaries, promoting flunkies and political alienation ‘ ( Appignanesi, 2004: p. 36 ) . During this clip period, corruptness was every bit widespread as it was unreliable. In add-on, rigorous censoring made it hard for any sort of art to boom. Artists and authors who expressed thoughts that were considered unacceptableand most thoughts at the clip werewould have their public presentations stopped, their work seized. In some instances, the creative persons themselves would be imprisoned. Around 1900, nevertheless, the ambiance began to alter. Thinkers like Nietzsche began to hold mo re and more influence, and new thoughts and ideas began to go around. Finally, creative persons who had been kept down for so long were eventually free to show themselves. Rootss in Munich At the bend of the century, the metropolis that was known as the centre for the humanistic disciplines in Germany was Munich. This is whereSimplicissimusgot its start and continued to boom. The Schwabing territory was home to a figure of creative persons and performing artists. The terminal of the censoring that had been rampant under the Wilhelminian epoch eventually arrived, and the Weimar Republic had begun. At this point, the old order in Berlin ceased to be, and it shortly became the widely distributed capital of Germany.Otto Julius Bierbaum andDeutsche Chansons In 1900,Deutsche Chansonsmade its introduction. This book, published by Otto Julius Bierbaum, was a aggregation of singable verse forms, including plants by Richard Dehmel, Arno Holz, and Frank Wedekind. Bierbaum was interested in doing art that was available to the people: ‘his purpose was to do art permeate the entireness of life ‘ , notes Appignanesi: ‘Painters today†¦ are doing chairs for people to sit on, non for museums ‘ ( 2004: p. 37 ) . The motion inspired by Bierbaum ‘s efforts to ‘functionalise ‘ poesy is known asJugendstil.This motion had an of import impact on the go oning development of nightclub. From this point on, it would be marked by its willingness to take on popular manners of look: ‘The acceptance of popular signifiers, for whatever motor, cultural or political, was to stay a portion of the nightclub tradition throughout, every bit good as one of the drive forces of modernism ‘ ( Appignanesi, 2004: p. 37 ) . This meeting of signifier and map may non look surprising to society today, but during this period ofJugenstil,it signified a new manner of looking at the universe. With the terminal of censoring that came through the Weimar period, it was an ideal clip and topographic point for nightclub to develop. However, nightclub in Germany would somewhat switch its focal point. It would go more serious. As it developed and became more widespread and progressively popular, it would besides maturate and lose some of the gaiety it was accorded in Paris. Harmonizing to Appignanesi, a figure of factors, happening about at the same clip, contributed to the birth of nightclub in Germany. The hebdomadal magazine,Simplicissimus, was launched in 1896 by Albert Langen, and frequently contained parts from authors who included Thomas Mann and Rainer Maria Rilke. A satirical publication, it included non merely composing, but sketchs every bit good, and was diagrammatically rather advanced and bold. It often took on political issues, such as the 1897 jurisprudence punishing workers who went on work stoppage. AfterDeutsche Chansonsmade its introduction, things began to alter at a rapid gait. It shortly became clear that Berlin accepted nightclub as a meeting topographic point for creative persons and authors. The hub of activity at the bend of the century had been Munich, as stated earlier, peculiarly the Schwabing territory. Appignanesi asserts that this meeting of endowment along with a carnival atmosphere ‘resulted in Munich ‘s bring forthing one of the most fertile and interesting of European nightclubs ‘ ( 2000: p. 42 ) , and one that spread throughout the state during the Weimar old ages.The Eleven Executioners Lex Heinzewas the name given to the rigorous jurisprudence that gave constabularies the power to interfere in artistic affairs in Germany. The constabulary took full advantage of this power, and in a figure of ways. Confiscation of publications such as books or magazines was common. Even public presentation art was affected: parts of a public presentation could be deleted, sometimes full Acts of the Apostless. Furthermore, piquing creative persons or authors could be imprisoned. A group of Secessionist painters,Simplicissimusstaff members, and pupils and histrions from the academic Dramatic Union, formed a protest group, eleven of whom would come to be known as ‘the Eleven Executioners ‘ . What they planned to ‘execute ‘ , harmonizing to Appignanesi, was the really thought of societal lip service itself. She explains that ‘these hangmen of the position quo knew that if they performed publically they would be harassed by censoring, and so they called them selves a nine which played merely to invited invitees, one dark every hebdomad ‘ ( 2004: p. 44 ) . In this manner, they were able to execute without intervention. A sample of their vocals is below: It looms on high that black block We judge heartily and Pierce. Blood ruddy bosom, blood ruddy frock, Our merriment is ever ferocious. Any enemy of the clip Will run into the executioner ‘s axe Any friends of decease and offense, We ‘ll decorate with vocal and rime. ( qtd. in Appignanesi, 2004: p. 44 ) As in the plants of Bruant, subjects of equality and equity were normally found in the vocals performed by the Executioners. They were socially witting and really much aware of the predicament of those society held in small respect: the destitute members of society, those who most needed to be heard but had small opportunity of holding that happen. Among the most celebrated of the Executioners was Frank Wedekind. Wedekind ‘s disfavor of authorization was good established by the clip he joined their ranks. He was known for composing parody and satires that mocked the hypocritical behaviours of those in power. In add-on, he was known to hold a strong phase presence, and would give long, strident public presentations that would electrify audiences both in their dramatic bringing and their hideous content. Below is an illustration of Wedekind ‘s incendiary sarcasms: I have murdered beloved Auntie Alice, My Auntie so old and so frail. Motivated by greed and maliciousness I went directly on the hoarded wealth trail. Her small house was merely huming With bills, with portions and with gold. I heard my Auntie ‘s heavy external respiration But that left me absolutely cold. I merely followed my intuition In the dark I opened her door And stab her without suppression My Auntie sighed and breathed no more. The aureate coins were weighing me down, Her organic structure was heavy as lead, But I dragged Auntie without a scowl Through the garden and into the shed. I have murdered beloved Auntie Alice, My Auntie so old and so frail. I ‘m immature, so immature, yet out of maliciousness They ‘ve sentenced me to life-long gaol. ( qtd. in Appiganesi, 2004: p. 49 ) The rough sarcasm and scratchy daring of this and other ballad-type vocals were one of Wedekind ‘s hallmarks, and it was non long before he extended this into lampoon. Nothing was considered sacred ; he even wrote a lampoon of the national anthem,Deutschland, Deutschland & A ; Atilde ; ?ber alles.In this instance, nevertheless, he published the piece under a anonym. In actuality, the span of clip the Eleven Executioners were together as a group was non really long. However, the impact they had was immense. The group had all but disbanded by 1903. Yet, during that clip, they were able to convey their message to all parts of the state, and they were considered instrumental in distributing cabaret itself. They are frequently credited with assisting to popularise the genre and convey it to Vienna, the artistic capital of pre-war Europe.IV. Later Cabaret Christopher Isherwood Christopher Isherwood ‘s plants include two semi-autobiographical novels that are an of import portion of cabaret history:Berlin NarrativesandGoodbye to Berlin.In fact, Bob Fosse ‘s 1972 movieCabaretwas inspired byGoodbye to Berlin. This aggregation of pieces is about life in Berlin during 1930 and 1931, at the beginning of the Nazi rise to power. ‘More than doing monsters, hence, the Berlin novels account for how monsters are made when history itself becomes monstrous ‘ , notes Shuttleworth. ( 2000: p. 160 ) . ‘If the concluding sense of the texts is that the trespass of life by art is black, they are every bit clear that the separation of art from life is impossible, and that the thought of an ingenuous universe, claiming genuineness or objectiveness, is a psychotic belief dangerous in itself ‘ ( Shuttleworth, 2000: p. 160 ) .Cabaret in Film:Cabaret The movieCabaret,directed by Bob Fosse, was released in 1972. Immediately popular, the movie shortly became a authoritative. In it, one can acquire an thought of what nightclub was like in 1932 Berlin.Cabaretwas inspired by Christopher Isherwood ‘sGoodbye to Berlin, a aggregation of pieces, some of which are autobiographical, approximately life in Berlin during 1930 and 1931, at the beginning of the Nazi rise to power. The pieces are valuable as a description of a important period in German and universe history, and the consequence the altering political tide had on the universe of nightclub. ‘Isherwood ‘s portrayal of the Berlin demimonde and of the morally belly-up center categories has by and large been taken to uncover a cultural status, or allow us state a widespread province of head, which somehow explainsand possibly even foretoldwhat was to go on in Europe and the universe at big during the following 15 old ages ‘ ( Bucknell, 2000: p. 13 ) . The narrative opens up with the Kit Kat Klub, in Berlin. It is set in the late 20s, before the subjugation of Hitler had settled in. The Kit Kat Klub was an existent nightclub in Berlin during the 1930s. This is the common bond that links American Sally Bowles with several other colourful characters who are representative of society of the clip. Among them was a affluent German politician, a British instructor, and of class, the all-knowing Master of Ceremonies. Enormously celebrated, the movie is still considered a authoritative, and is frequently seen as a metaphor for the suicide that was subsequently to follow as fascism engulfed Germany.Cabaret in Film: The Blue Angel The Blue Angel,starring Marlene Dietrich, is another classic in which the Weimar cabaret manner is considered to be accurately depicted. It is slackly based onProfessor Unrath,the novel by Heinrich Mann. Dietrich, who was comparatively unknown at the clip, played Lola-Lola, the star of the Blue Angel, a character known for her bold, audacious gender. Professor Immanuel Rath is a headmaster, known for his deficiency of a sense of temper and his Puritan attack to life. Upon detecting that some of his pupils have been patronizing The Blue Angel, he decides to demo up at the nightclub himself, trusting to catch pupils in the act. His visit opens up a new universe to himthe animal, free, loose universe of cabaret lifeand after trying this, it is clear that he will ne'er be the same.V. Conclusion By following the development of the nightclub genre, from its early yearss in Paris, up through the German ‘Kabarett‘ , as it was known, in the 1920s and 1930s, one can see how it became steadfastly entrenched as a vehicle for the oppressed. The twelvemonth 1881 is frequently thought of as the landmark day of the month for the start of nightclub, for this was the twelvemonth in whichLe Chat Noircame into being in Paris. However, as has been pointed out, the impression of nightclub was already in being ; wine basements were often the venue for unrecorded amusement as far back as the 15th century. Cabaret shortly became known as a meeting topographic point for creative persons, authors, and performing artists ; it game them a common assemblage topographic point in which chumminess was established, thoughts were shared, and history was made. The signifier of nightclub that came into being in 1881 had a more rational and artistic ambiance, influenced greatly by the literary group ofHydropathes. It spread, as we have seen, throughout Europe ; with the terminal of the censoring that had been rampant under the Wilhelminian epoch, nightclub settled in Berlin, a place in which it flourished and matured. As the genre developed, it became more widely accepted every bit good as progressively popular ; it besides matured and lost some of the gaiety it was known for in Paris. Historically, nightclub has been the voice of freedom. It has represented advancement and been both a vehicle for self-expression and an instrument of alteration. Throughout history, we have seen that catastrophes will happen, events over which we have no controlwe besides have seen that we have, and will, rally from them. To that terminal, we have art. But if, as Appignanesi points out, ‘the creative person ‘s metaphorical gun is no peculiarly powerful arm, it can still incite displacements of consciousness ‘ ( 2004: p. 251 ) . Art can remind us that there is another manner of making things, a fresh world that we can keep onto and trust for. But ‘art ‘ has non ever been known for its handiness. Cabaret is, in that sense, the art of the people, a oasis that has historically attracted those for whom society holds in small respect: the impoverished, the fringy, the less fortunatethose who most needed to be heard but have small opportunity of holding that h appen.Mentions Appignanesi, Lisa. 2004.The Cabaret.New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Berg, James, and Freeman, Chris, eds. 2000.The Isherwood Century: Essaies on the Life and Work of Christopher Isherwood.London: University of Wisconsin Press. Bucknell, Katherine. 2000. ‘Who Is Christopher Isherwood? ‘ In Berg, James, and Freeman, Chris, eds. ,The Isherwood Century: Essaies on the Life and Work of Christopher Isherwood.London: University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 13-30.Chat Noir. n.d. Retrieved electronically on August 25, 2006, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nyu.edu/greyart/exhibits/counter/html/body_chatnoir.html Jackson, Jeffrey. 2000. ‘Music-Halls and the Assimilation of Jazz in 1920s Paris ‘ . Journal of Popular Culture.Fall 2000, Vol. 34, Issue 2, pp. 69-82. Krafft, Scott. 2006. ‘Shadow Theatre of Montmartre ‘ . From the Charles Deering McCormick Library of Particular Collections. Retrieved electronically on August 25, 2006, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.library.northwestern.edu/librarybriefings/archives/000830.html Rearick, Charles. 1988. ‘Song and Society in Turn-of-the-Century France ‘ .Journal of Social History.Fall 1988, Vol. 22, Issue 1, pp. 45-63. Simmons, Sherwin. 2000. ‘Ernst Kirchner ‘s Streetwalkers: Art, Luxury, and Immorality in Berlin, 1913-1916 ‘ .The Art Bulletin,March 2000. Shuttleworth, Antony. 2000. ‘In a Populous City: Isherwood in the Thirties ‘ . In Berg, James, and Freeman, Chris, eds. ,The Isherwood Century: Essaies on the Life and Work of Christopher Isherwood.London: University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 150-161.

Field Theory Application

Field Theory Application Introduction Field theory was developed by Kurt Lewin in 1951. The theory has gained a lot of significance over the years and its applicability has increased significantly in various domains such as physical and social sciences. According to Martin (2003), field theory tries to explain how change occurs in various amongst individuals and organizations. The theory asserts that change emanates from interaction between various elements which have distinctive characteristics.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Field Theory Application specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, the field theory assumes that such interactions are affected by various forces that emanate from within or from the external environment. Martin (2003) asserts that ‘the theory has several generic characteristics no matter the domain of its application’ (p.9). Some of the major domains within which field theory is applied include process management, social science, change management and organizational development. This paper is aimed at explaining various domains within which field theory is applicable. Field theory and change management One of the domains within which field theory is applied relates to change management. Currently, organizations are facing numerous challenges arising from the internal and external business environments. This is further emphasized by Staver (2012) who asserts that ‘firms in different economic sectors are facing unprecedented speed of change that requires them to adjust their operations in order to survive’ (p. 60). Change impacts all organizations irrespective of their size, economic sector or structure. The impact can either be positive or negative. For example, change can lead to conflict between a firm’s management team and the lower level employees. Consequently, it is important for firm’s management teams to be effective in implementing change. Field theory plays a fundamental role in firms’ effort to implement change. This is made possible by the fact that the theory illustrates the various forces that impact change. The theory enables firms’ management to establish the various forces that may affect the change process. According to the theory, some forces drive change while others restrain its occurrence (Jeong 2009). These forces emanate from various sources such as individual’s needs, capabilities and interests. In the process of implementing change, it is essential for firms’ management teams to be agile and swift. However, existence of restraining and driving forces may hinder attainment of the desired objective. To implement their desired change, it is essential for firm’s management teams to develop a comprehensive understanding of their employees’ behavior. The reaction by employees towards the desired change may stimulate or hinder attainment of the set organizational goal. Fie ld theory underscores the importance of understanding individuals’ behavior prior to implementing the desired change. According to Hughes and Wearing (2012), ‘field theory attempts to map the environment or field within which individual and group behavior occurs’ (p.63). The theory assumes that individual and group behaviors are determined by various forces. Some of these forces may originate from various sources such as the family, learning institutions and the workplace.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The theory further emphasizes the importance of focusing on group behavior rather than concentrating on individual behavior. This is due to the fact that individuals’ behavior and actions are influenced by group norms, culture, rules and regulations (Hughes Wearing, 2012). According to field theory, individuals have certain conceptions r egarding the likelihood of change occurring within their field. This is underlined by Martin (2003) who is of the opinion that ‘the fields are in continuous state of adaptation which is referred to as a quasi-stationary equilibrium’ (p. 18). The theory assumes that the success with which change is implemented is dependent on the effectiveness with which balance is established various between the driving and the limiting forces. Field theory and organizational development In addition to change management, field theory is also applicable within the organizational development domain. Organizations are facing intense competition arising from factors such as high rate of globalization. In the course of executing their duties, employees are required to balance between work and life demands. Such pressures may lead to conflict of interest between employees and the organization hence limiting organizational development. To enhance organizational development, field theory, asser ts that it is paramount for firm’s management teams to factor in the various organizational components. One of the areas that firms should focus on is the human dimension. This arises from the fact that organizational success is dependent on the effectiveness and efficiency of the various departments. Field theory is very relevant in organizational development. The theory explains how individual and group behaviors are interdependent. Thus, it is essential for firms’ management teams to analyze individuals and their respective environments. Field theory provides organizations’ with an opportunity to understand and predict their employees’ behavior (Burnes, 2004). According to Martin (2003), individuals’ behaviors vary depending on the tension between their personal perception and that of their environment. Martin further asserts that individuals’ behaviors are shaped by opposing psychological and social forces. As a result, it is important f or firm’s management teams to understand the relationship that prevails between their workforces. Jeong (2009) is of the opinion that psychological field is comprised of various stimuli that influence the relationship developed between individuals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Field Theory Application specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to this theory, the psychological climate developed by individuals can promote or hinder creation of attitudes that influence the success of the change process. For example, some individuals may develop attitudes that lead to creation of trust or mistrust amongst each other. Furthermore, the attitude developed by an individual may support or inhibit closed or open communication between the various stakeholders. According to Jeong (2009), communication plays an important role in the change management process. This is due to the fact that it impacts the relationship de veloped between the parties involved in a conflicts. Field theory and process management Process management refers to application of various systems and techniques whose objective is to control and improve the outcome of certain processes. Currently, organizations are integrating planned change by incorporating project management. However, the outcome of such projects depends on the firm’s management teams to manage interdependence between various project teams. Field theory plays an important role in managing groups. This is due to the fact that it enables firm’s management teams to understand and improve the relationship between various groups. Additionally, field theory plays a fundamental role in minimizing conflict between project team members. According to Lewin, conflicts are a part and parcel of human relationships. However to continue working together within the society and in the workplace, it is important for the conflicts between individuals to be effective ly resolved (Martin, 2003). This is only possible if the parties charged with the responsibility of resolving conflicts understand individuals’ behavior. This creates an opportunity to establish a point of equilibrium between the various competing forces. Personal opinion on whether field theory fully explains the differences between subjective and objective approaches There are various approaches that can be used to explain individuals’ behavior. Some of these approaches include subjective and objective approach. Field theory states that understanding human behavior can only be achieved by integrating objective approach (Martin, 2003). The approach stresses on the importance of ensuring that individuals’ fields or forces are effectively analyzed and understood. On the other hand, subjective approach asserts that for one to understand individuals behavior, he or she must evaluate their past situations and experiences. Moreover, subjective approach asserts that t he individuals’ future actions should be predetermined in trying to understand their behavior. However, predetermine one’s behavior is difficult which limits the probability of understanding their behavior.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to field theory, individuals’ behavior can only be understood by analyzing their current situations which is an objective approach. Consequently, field theory advocates for objective approach in understanding individuals’ behavior rather than relying on subjective approach. Conclusion From the above analysis, it is evident that field theory is applicable in various domains. Some of the domains evaluated in this paper include change management, organizational development and process management. Currently, organizations are facing numerous changes that emanate from various sources. Consequently, it is paramount for firms’ management teams to adjust their operations in order to survive. In the process of implementing change, most organizations ignore the human dimension. This can adversely affect organizations effectiveness in implementing change due to existence of conflicts and resistance. Field theory is also applicable in the process of enhancing orga nizational development. The theory enables firm’s management teams to establish a balance between conflicting interests amongst its workforce. According to the theory, it is paramount for firms’ management teams to understand individuals’ behavior and analyze their environments. The theory is applicable in organizational development and change management in that it enables firm’s management teams to understand the various forces and situations that influence behavior. Some of these forces relate to social and psychological forces. This forms the basis of enhancing relationship amongst employees. The theory further emphasizes the importance of analyzing the behavior of the group or groups within which an individual belongs. This arises from the fact that individuals’ behaviors are shaped by the norms, rules and regulations of their respective groups. According to the theory, it is important for one to focus on understanding the behavior of individua ls with regard to their current situations rather than focusing on their past or future situations. This is due to the fact that situations lead to development of diverse psychological fields that are characterized by unique forces. The forces within a particular field influence development of certain behaviors and hinder development of certain behaviors. Field theory is also applicable in process management in that it enables firms to establish a point of equilibrium between various forces. The above analysis has also highlighted the difference between subjective and objective approaches to change management. This has been attained by illustrating how objective and subjective approaches impact the outcome of one’s effort to understand individual behavior. Objective approach emphasizes on focusing on the current situation while subjective approach emphasizes on the need for evaluating an individual’s past and the future individual actions in order to establish their be havior. Field theory asserts that understanding individuals’ behavior can only be achieved by integrating objective approach. In summary, the above analysis shows that field theory can be applied in various domains. Reference List Burnes, B. (2004). Kurt Lewin and complexity theories; back to the future. Journal of  Change Management, 4 (4), 309-325. Hughes, M., Wearing, M. (2012). Organizations and management in social work;  everyday action for change. New York: Sage. Jeong, H. (2009). Conflicting management and resolution: an introduction. New York: Routledge. Martin, J. (2003). What is field theory? American Journal of Sociology, 109(1), 1-49. Staver, M. (2012). Leadership is not for cowards; how to drive performance by  challenging people and confronting problems. New Jersey: Wiley and Sons.

individual assignment 9 Essay

individual assignment 9 Essay individual assignment 9 Essay Part 1 A status report helps to efficiently communicate the progress of a project at regular intervals to project stakeholders. This report documents where the project is at a given time. It lets the concerned individuals know how successful the project has been so far in terms of meeting the project’s scope, time and cost requirements. By reviewing a status report, all the concerned individuals can be informed about how the project has been shaping up. A status report helps to prevent unexpected surprises to sponsors and stakeholders. Status reports are usually distributed in a weekly or bi-weekly basis. A weekly status report appears to be the most preferred frequency. Although the requirements and the frequency of status reports can vary from one project to another, it is usually advisable to not have a gap of more than two weeks between status reports. For a status report to be effective and to stay on top of all the project tasks, important updates should be made in a timely manner. These reports can be sent electronically or through hard copies. After receiving updates from the project team members, a status report is prepared and distributed by the project manager. A project manager can send a status report to specific teams or committees within a project or only to the project sponsors. It is a good idea to distribute the status report to everyone involved in the project after the report has been reviewed by the sponsors. A status report may contain the following sections: General project information Project status summary Project milestone status Planned accomplishments Applicable project issues or risks Project metrics Applicable Additional comments Part 2 In this scenario, the Project Manager should call for a meeting to discuss the issues with the technical team. This might be the best solution. This meeting will allow the project manager to communicate the concerns of the business users in the most effective manner; also the technical team will be able to share their perspectives right away. The use of other communication tools such as emails or instant messaging might lengthen and complicate the resolutions. I would let the technical team know that a meeting will be taking place to address some concerns that the business users have. It is important to convey the message in a non-confrontational and non-accusatory manner that the difference in the arrival time between the two teams is decreasing the business team’s productivity and impacting the overall project. I will ask them to participate in the meeting and welcome their suggestion and ask if they have a solution in mind and start the resolution process. In this scenario, the best way to make the announcement would be to make hard copies of the announcement and distribute them to the large group of people. Each recipient would receive 2 copies of the document so that each recipient keep one copy and return the 2nd copy after signing the document stating that they reviewed it. It appears the method used to send status reports to the

Implementing Affirmative Action

Implementing Affirmative Action Free Online Research Papers Affirmative Action (AA) should be greatly considered within the workplace in order to safeguard the employees. It is important for a business to establish order and provide a positive workplace for its employees. In an effort to ensure equal opportunity for all employees it is my recommendation to the Board of Director’s that an affirmative action policy is fully implemented. The affirmative action policy should establish specific mandates that would guard against discrimination of any and all employees within the workplace. The policy would enforce that employees not be discriminated against based upon their race, sex, orientation, veteran status, disability, religion, and national origin. The policy of affirmative action should also meet the terms with all equal opportunity laws and regulations. It is important that an industry such as this one implements guidelines that will protect its employees from unforeseen situations in the workplace such as sexual harassment and disc rimination. It will be the duty of the managers to make sure that the mandates that have been put in place are in fact enforced by each and every employee. The establishment of these types of rules will allow for a better workplace for the employees and will also possibly protect the business itself. This essay will provide reasonable evidence as to why the Board of Director’s should consider having affirmative action policies implemented. Affirmative action is aimed at leveling the playing field for minorities to obtain jobs. Despite the past controversy associated with the indecency of the workplace towards minorities, it is crucial that this company understands that the past can in fact repeat itself. It is necessary for companies to implement job requirements of different minorities in order for the company to prevent from having legal issues. There are several companies that seem to have one distinct minority working for their company; however, if someone of a different minority decided that they were interested in working for that same company and get denied a position, that person would have the right to have the company investigated because of possible discrimination. Discrimination is not only a factor of affirmative action, but it also plays a distinct role in the regulations of the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO). Equal Employment Opportunity is the legalized topic that protects individuals within the workforce from people who feel that they are going through situations at their employment based upon being discriminated against. The types of discrimination that individuals in the workplace could possibly go through would include discrimination against their gender, age, race, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, veteran status, disability, and even their position within the workplace. Although affirmative action and equal employment opportunity have two different meanings, they both share the same importance. For example, an African American male can go into a company and apply for a position that he is well qualified for, the hiring manager of the company decides that does not feel that the candidate is fit for the position and is turned away. At that moment, if the African American male reasonably feels that he is being discriminated against based upon his race or even his gender then he could possibly have a case against the company. This type of scenario consists of not only affirmative action based upon the minority of the applicant, but it is also relate to equal employment opportunity because he feels that he was turned away based upon his race. Many companies do not realize the consequences that they face when an employee feels that they are being discriminated against or even harassed within the workplace. Not only can it lead to the company having to pay out thousands or even millions of dollars, but it can also damage the credibility of the company to its consumers and clients. It is important that this company as well as many others implement strategies in which they are able to educate their employees about the importance of equal employment opportunity as well as affirmative action. Companies should also post up information in regards to harassment within the workplace or even discrimination so that if an employee is having a problem then the company can try to resolve it themselves before the situation escalates to a more legal issue that is taken to court. This type of implementation will greatly protect the company from lawsuits as well as its credibility. Many companies feel that implementing affirmative action is not crucial to their company because of the fact that their company is diverse and they do not have those types of issues within their workplace whereas people are being discriminated against. Unfortunately, the fact that the company is diverse makes no difference in the types of people that it employs. For example, Wal-Mart is considered to be a very diverse company; however, they are the largest industry facing lawsuits due to discrimination against women employees, African American truck drivers; and numerous of other cases involving discrimination within the workplace. This proves that regardless of the type of company, implementing protection against discrimination in the workplace could possibly be beneficial to companies. In conclusion, I have detailed pertinent information in regards to why this company should consider implementing affirmative action within the workplace. I have addressed the importance of how the company can benefit from the implementation as well as protect its money, credibility, and most of all its employees, from being illegally discriminated against. I certainly believe that this company as well as many others will greatly benefit from implementing the affirmative action policy. References Axia College of University of Phoenix. (2008). Equal Employment Opportunity and Resource Management. Retrieved October 17, 2008, from Axia College, Week One reading, aXcess, HRM 240 - Human Resources Management Web site. Wal-Mart Watch (n.d.) WalMart Watch: Issues|Discrimination. Retrieved October 18, 2008, from http://walmartwatch.com/issues/discrimination/ Research Papers on Implementing Affirmative ActionMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesTwilight of the UAWTrailblazing by Eric AndersonAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraResearch Process Part OnePETSTEL analysis of IndiaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X

Affordable Care Act immigrants Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Affordable Care Act immigrants - Research Paper Example In the past decades, many Americans remained uninsured due to the expensive nature of insurance, and largely due to the poor and unfair code of conduct of many insurance companies. For example, the insurance companies could withdraw or rescind a person’s coverage just because they are suffering from heart diseases, diabetes or other long term chronic illnesses (Fernandez-Kelly and Portes 54). The companies also discriminated against the children, denying a majority of them the coverage they were warranted. Young unemployed adults also had a rough time as the companies sidelined them and denied them insurance. However, the Affordable Care Act has made things better and more affordable for people (Dolgin and Dieterich 46). It is a chance to fix the trust that was earlier broken as the terms of the ACA demand better services and programs from the insurance companies. Not only has it reduced the costs of insurance charged by the companies but has also reduced the much discrimination that the companies practiced earlier. Important to note is that ACA is a combination of two legislations, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (signed in 2010) (Le-May 24). With this combination, the ACA serves to increase and expand the Medicaid coverage to the many low income earners in America, and greatly improving the Children’s’ Health Insurance Program. Therefore, in a summarized way, the ACA legislation seeks to expand Medicaid coverage to all Americans, give a chance for people to enjoy a variety and choose from diverse services, promote quality healthcare for all people and lastly, ensure that insurance companies remain accountable to thei r customers, conducting their businesses in a transparent and fair manner (Le-May 40; Bustamante, 320). However, the number of people who are uninsured

PROGRAMMING AND CULTURE IN ARCHITECTURE WAY Assignment - 1

PROGRAMMING AND CULTURE IN ARCHITECTURE WAY - Assignment Example The outdoor spaces and areas such as the porches, decks and gardens are also an important element in the design of the house. They speak the importance of the outdoors lifestyle of the Eressos community. The superfluous elements identified in the design of the house included the fitting of air conditioners. The house will be designed in a â€Å"green† manner to enable plenty of airflow during the warm summer periods. Unnecessary resource in the bathroom will be minimized as these are superfluous. The bathroom will be compartmentalized, instead, in a manner that will still provide functionality and privacy. Based on what I have read about Eressos, I would consider housing design in other contexts as being innovative and creative. The use of other materials besides stone in construction is quite creative and less costly. Such materials include bamboo that not only construct good houses but whose use also helps in the conservation of the

How has the solicitor's regulation changed in the UK Essay

How has the solicitor's regulation changed in the UK - Essay Example In this paper, a position is taken that the most effective form of change to regulation relating to solicitors can only achieve its intended purposes if the changes are comprehensive and holistic enough. In the light of this, changes that have taken place over the years by way of training system as well as regulatory structure governing solicitors are all subjected to critical review. There will also be a special review of the Human Rights Act 1998 to examine how it has impacted on the regulation of solicitors. The issue of self-regulation by the solicitors’ profession will also be reviewed. Training and ethics are two important phenomena in ensuring quality standard of practice by solicitors everywhere across the globe (Cooper, 2013). This is because through training, prospective lawyers are given the kind of education and professional nurturing, needed to ensure that they go about their duties as exceptional professionals. Meanwhile, a person’s individual ethical standards can also be a determining factor as to whether or not the person would heed to training instructions and practice professionally (Boon, 2014). To reconcile these two positions therefore, it is important that the training system for solicitors in UK will be structured in a way that ensures that only people who can be deemed as ethical individuals are admitted. Indeed many have questioned the importance of ensuring that admission for training for solicitors is based on only people who can be considered as ethical individuals. In response to this, Case (2013) observed that the law profession is a highly sensitive one, requiring strong and high standards of practice to ensure that a practitioner will hold fast to doing what is right. What this means is that lawyers have a lot of discretion in their practice as far as their actions are based on law. For this reason, it is

Business Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Business Report - Essay Example There are restrictions on disposals of securities and sales are on hold for the lock-in periods that differ but are for long periods. Provisions and specific conditions have been examined for US, Australian and Indian markets and a comparative study reveals a common thread running between them base of stable politics, liberal economic outlook and good legal systems. There are some differences but of local nature due to unequal maturity. Financial Markets all over the world have been formed to enable companies to raise capital for their needs and to allow investors to invest in companies of their choice. Advanced Financial markets have expanded on this simple premise that has expanded with time and maturity. The concept of an investor today does not mean just the individuals who have wealth that they would like to invest. Indeed the individual investor today stands marginalized with the emergence of Institutional Investors No doubt these Institutions are themselves comprised of a huge number of individual investors, who invest in them by choice (Mutual Funds) or by law (Pension Funds). But the control of their money does not lie in the hands of the individual but in the hands of the few who are chosen as directors. Raising capital now requires a different approach. Earlier the companies had to woo the individuals to attract them to their issues. Now they have to attract the big investors as the amount of capital required is also getting to be huge. The companies want to play it safe by ensuring that a large amount of their capital needs are covered by private placements prior to their going for a public issue. One of the primary roles of the Stock Exchange Authorities is to safeguard the interest of the investing public. Although rules may differ from one country to another, the common feature is that they require a very comprehensive disclosure from the companies on their financial information. They are asked not only to

Masculinity, Mateship and Men's Lives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Masculinity, Mateship and Men's Lives - Essay Example While maleness refers to the biological aspect, masculine refers to the fullest will of a man to live in a certain way and it’s a matter of choice to do so and not simply having a male body. It deals with the behaviour, mental quality and personality. It can also be the sexual behaviour for a man to desire heterosexual behaviour. The Mighty Boosh is a television series that tries to express masculinity in its broader perspective from the social, historical and cultural representations. It has brought about surreal representation of humour with the protagonists in the limelight to have failed in their character as men. In this case, they have been brought about to have fallen in their endeavours to become great boxers, musicians, novelists. Howard T.J Moon and Vince Noir have been brought about as Barrat and Fielding as the protagonists. They are a male couple with Barratt considering himself as very intelligent and a lover of jazz (Frank 2000). On the other hand, Vince has bee n portrayed as a lover electro and a staunch follower of fashion. His is contradiction of the character expected in the male gender. Men are not to known to follow fashion as such. This is seen as a feminine character. The show depicts the two protagonists as a couple, something that is socially and culturally backward. This shows that he is the married playing the part of the wife here. His way of handling himself and his adoration of Howard is in way very demining. Men are known to own the lead and not to be dragged into issues that primarily do not concern them of which Vince has completely denied to follow. Vince is deeply obsessed with his appearance. He takes too long to prepare himself or to leave the house. His time in resetting the hair and his concentration leaves a lot to be desired. As a matter of fact, he takes too much time in the performance of make upon himself just as the ladies do. The overall result is that he owns up to it that he has to do it to please the one h e is married to. To add insult to injury, he wears a combination of men’s attire and that of women. This allows him to be mistaken for a woman (Horrocks, 1994). His appearance does not so much differ from other women and the pretext form of Vince is much higher in favour of the weaker gender. This therefore renders him to be considered as the wife or the girlfriend of Howard or is otherwise the subject of the unwanted affection. In times when there arises a controversy, he is continuously abused or referred to in derogatory terms which are female in nature, like, bitch, tramp with a fringe and futuristic prostitute. The further brings in the confusion of identity. In the context of this, Vince is notably not annoyed by these as much as one would expect a normal man to react. In fact, he considers what he has done and apologizes or gives an excuse or flatters to show that these dint hit him hard on who he really pretends to be. In addition to this terms, his masculinity has be en undermined through the labels that he has been given like the ‘French duke’, ‘rock ponse’, ‘cockney bitch’, ‘trendy modern wanker’ and ‘electro ponse’ after his love for that electro music. It is arguably notable that all these labels are not just for a mere female, but for one who has involved herself into immorality and sex as well as to music which is mostly identified with clubs, crazy parties and the like. On his own account,

Affirmative Action Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Affirmative Action - Research Paper Example in moving what seemed to be unmovable in United States society’s African American rights, precipitated to the creation of the Affirmative Action law. Many quarters, especially the minorities and the women, saw the law as a milestone in human rights history. The affected societal members saw the law as an imperfect but preferable tool to eradicate the current social disease called discrimination (Boit, 2012). Further, the term Affirmative Action centers on the legal provisions of the action. The provisions ensure that equal opportunity is given to people from all walks of life. The law focuses on granting better work opportunities, school opportunities, and other social opportunities within the United States environment. The law specifically states that discrimination occurs when the individuals are unfairly treated because of their gender, race, or ethnicity (Boit, 2012). In the Ricci vs DeStefano case, 557 U.S. 2 (2009), The U.S. Supreme Court affirmed that the New Haven, Connecticut violated the Affirmative Action law when the government leaders discriminated against 20 firefighters. The firefighters passed the promotion examinations. However, the firefighters were promoted on the ground of race. Most of the complaints were African Americans. Two of complainants were Latinos. The Court gave a majority decision stating the government leaders committed discriminated against the 20 firefighters when they discarded the results of the complaining firefighter’s tests. Consequently, the discrimination violated Title 7 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Forst & Dempsey, 2011). Furthermore, the law focuses on two major discrimination areas. First, the equal opportunities are granting females and minorities in terms of work and other benefits. Likewise, the Affirmative Action law ensures that United States society is made up of a diversity of individuals, not a segregation of individuals. The law gives the disadvantaged female and minority individual the right to

Business Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Business Report - Essay Example There are restrictions on disposals of securities and sales are on hold for the lock-in periods that differ but are for long periods. Provisions and specific conditions have been examined for US, Australian and Indian markets and a comparative study reveals a common thread running between them base of stable politics, liberal economic outlook and good legal systems. There are some differences but of local nature due to unequal maturity. Financial Markets all over the world have been formed to enable companies to raise capital for their needs and to allow investors to invest in companies of their choice. Advanced Financial markets have expanded on this simple premise that has expanded with time and maturity. The concept of an investor today does not mean just the individuals who have wealth that they would like to invest. Indeed the individual investor today stands marginalized with the emergence of Institutional Investors No doubt these Institutions are themselves comprised of a huge number of individual investors, who invest in them by choice (Mutual Funds) or by law (Pension Funds). But the control of their money does not lie in the hands of the individual but in the hands of the few who are chosen as directors. Raising capital now requires a different approach. Earlier the companies had to woo the individuals to attract them to their issues. Now they have to attract the big investors as the amount of capital required is also getting to be huge. The companies want to play it safe by ensuring that a large amount of their capital needs are covered by private placements prior to their going for a public issue. One of the primary roles of the Stock Exchange Authorities is to safeguard the interest of the investing public. Although rules may differ from one country to another, the common feature is that they require a very comprehensive disclosure from the companies on their financial information. They are asked not only to

Affirmative Action Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Affirmative Action - Research Paper Example in moving what seemed to be unmovable in United States society’s African American rights, precipitated to the creation of the Affirmative Action law. Many quarters, especially the minorities and the women, saw the law as a milestone in human rights history. The affected societal members saw the law as an imperfect but preferable tool to eradicate the current social disease called discrimination (Boit, 2012). Further, the term Affirmative Action centers on the legal provisions of the action. The provisions ensure that equal opportunity is given to people from all walks of life. The law focuses on granting better work opportunities, school opportunities, and other social opportunities within the United States environment. The law specifically states that discrimination occurs when the individuals are unfairly treated because of their gender, race, or ethnicity (Boit, 2012). In the Ricci vs DeStefano case, 557 U.S. 2 (2009), The U.S. Supreme Court affirmed that the New Haven, Connecticut violated the Affirmative Action law when the government leaders discriminated against 20 firefighters. The firefighters passed the promotion examinations. However, the firefighters were promoted on the ground of race. Most of the complaints were African Americans. Two of complainants were Latinos. The Court gave a majority decision stating the government leaders committed discriminated against the 20 firefighters when they discarded the results of the complaining firefighter’s tests. Consequently, the discrimination violated Title 7 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Forst & Dempsey, 2011). Furthermore, the law focuses on two major discrimination areas. First, the equal opportunities are granting females and minorities in terms of work and other benefits. Likewise, the Affirmative Action law ensures that United States society is made up of a diversity of individuals, not a segregation of individuals. The law gives the disadvantaged female and minority individual the right to

The things needed by a woman fleeing from domestic abuse Essay Example for Free

The things needed by a woman fleeing from domestic abuse Essay There are many things that one can do to support a woman who is attempting to flee from domestic violence. According to the Domestic Violence Victims Bill of Rights (Andrew Cuomo, 2008). The first critical thing that a survivor of domestic violence needs is assistance to get both her and any children to safety. Safety means to a shelter, or location where one’s partner will not look. Safety also means that the survivor of domestic violence will need legal assistance. Second, they will need legal and law enforcement assistance in obtaining Temporary Restraining Orders, and personal belongings. According to Strong DeVault and Sayad (2001), one fo the most critical things that can be provided for women fleeing from domestic abuse would be emotional and psychological support. This can be provided in any number of ways including, counseling, support groups, and family support networks. 4. 2. Discuss some of the general recommendations that family violence experts make for preventing family violence. Strong, DeVault and Sayad (2001) make several suggestions that can be seen as effective in preventing situations in which family violence might occur. The first solution that is suggested by the experts is that society seeks to reduce societal problems such as, poverty, unemployment, low wages and other factors that contribute to situations of extreme stress within the family. The second suggestion made by Strong, DeVault and Sayad (2001) is that both husbands and wives in a family need equal opportunities to achieve educational and career goals. The third key aspect of preventing family violence according to the experts is to educate men and women about family planning and birth control in order to avoid unplanned or unwanted pregnancy. The final method suggested by Strong, DeVault and Sayad (2001) is to ensure that parents, specifically young parents are educated about parenting as well as about disciplinary methods that are non-violent in nature in order to break the multi-generational cycle of violence that is common to many families. Strong, DeVault, Sayad (2001) suggest that the daycare system be reformed and that preventative programs be developed to stop family violence before it becomes a problem for families. Finally, it is suggest that families receive assistance in developing social support networks in order to end social isolation that may be common in violent family situations. These suggests from the experts are only general however they can guide agencies and therapists who deal with family violence in creating policies and programs to deal with family violence. 4. 3. What is Divorce Mediation and what is its primary goal? Divorce mediation is primarily a means of resolving marital disputes resulting form divorce such as, property division and child custody, without involving the courts, or lawyers. This reduces the stress on the divorcing couple and allows them to settle without the hostility and arguing over these issues that is typically seen in divorce pursued through the court systems. Strong, DeVault, and Sayad (2001) argue that, this is critical for ensuring that the best possible results are obtained for the family in terms of child custody, visitation and child support. Strong, DeVault and Sayad (2001) suggest that divorce medication can have a powerful influence on how well parents get along after a divorce and therefore how well children adjust to a situation of divorce. This means that family members are less likely to have problems if mediation rather than courts and lawyers are utilized in order to avoid hostilities. In fact, avoidance of hostility between divorcing family members is the primary goal of divorce mediation. 4. 4 Based on the work of Visher and Visher, discuss three structural characteristics that make the stepfamily different from the traditional first-marriage family? There are three main ways in which stepfamilies differ structurally from traditional nuclear families. According to Strong, DeVault and Sayad (2001), one major way lies in the fact that one for both parents in a stepfamily may have differing custody arrangements for their children including, sole custody, joint custody, legal custody, physical custody or no custody of their children. Thus children that are brought into the marriage may spend differing amounts of time within the stepfamily and have differing rates of adjustment to living within a stepfamily. Second, the number of parents in the family differs from the traditional two parent family because a child may have a biological mother and father and anywhere from 1-4 stepmothers and stepfathers. This can create conflicts, as the child will have to face different rules and expectations with each family. Finally, Strong, DeVault and Sayad (2001) state that, stepfamilies are larger, and often have more complicated family system than traditional families. References James, Paula (1997) The Divorce Mediation Handbook: Everything You Need To Know. Jossey-Bass, New York, 240 Office of the New York State Attorney General (2008) Domestic Violence Victims Bill Of Rights Retrieved, August 11, 2008, from, http://www. oag. state. ny. us/family/domestic_violence. html Strong, Bryan, DeVault, Christine, and Sayad, Barbara, W (2001) The Marriage and Family Experience 9thEd, Wadsworth/Thomson Publishing, New York,

The Reasons Behind The Largest Corporate Scandal Of India Accounting Essay

The Reasons Behind The Largest Corporate Scandal Of India Accounting Essay Satyam means Truth and the truth was revealed very late in case of Indias one of the largest IT company, Satyam Computers Services Limited. By the time, Satyam fraud came to public light, Ramalinga Raju, the chairman of the company, had already committed Indias largest corporate fraud ever. The first section of essay will discuss the reasons behind the largest corporate scandal of India. It will discuss why people with billions in banks go corrupt. In this section, it will argue on the negligence and violation of duty by various elements involved in the wrongdoing. Then, the next section of essay will state some recommendations to avoid further frauds or scams. In the first section, we will discuss why big businessmen or rich people who are very famous and known to the world, sometimes, step out of line of honesty. By doing this, they break the trust of people and lose all their repute and name that they had gained by working hard in their lives. The first reason for their divergence from honesty to dishonesty is sense of ownership. If a person is the only owner or founder of the company, then he finds it easy to do what he wants with his business. He thinks that it is his business and money. Security of getting away with any wrongdoing makes him comfortable. He becomes unaware of the consequences and keeps on doing wrong things again and again. The owners and founders of companies, sometimes, dont like outer interference in their business and they do only what, they think is best in their interest. Hence, this sense of ownership, somehow, leads to greed. They dont think of other people who put their money in business. They justify themselves that they are permitted to do what they want with that money because it is their business. They just ignore the rights of other stakeholders who are involved in business too (Kaur and Mishra, 2010). Hence their unethical behaviour cost them a lot at the end because one day everybody comes to know about crime. In Satyam case, ownership structure of Indian companies is also responsible to some extent. The popularity of family owned businesses in India led to concentrated business control. In this system, independent directors agree to act in interest of family group. They just ignore the interests of the company and minority shareholders and act in the way that is best for their benefit. Some corporations are generally structured in a pyramid structure. The pyramid structure comprises of some separate business lines. Different businesses are considered as one entity and are controlled by one group at the top. Thus, they can transfer money from one entity to another as required (Winkler, 2010). Hence, it can lead to tunneling. Tunneling is a process in which a control group moves money from one company to another company, where they possess bigger share. Also, in pyramid structure, it is hard for outside shareholders to check inner performance of business entities (Winkler, 2010). Because of pyramid structure and consolidated control of the business, board of directors of Satyam didnt do their duty independently. They approved the purchase of family owned company of Chairman Mr. Raju, Maytas properties and Maytas Infrastructure. It was not an IT company and Mr. Raju had larger shares in Maytas than in Satyam. Thus, ownership structure of business impacted the performance of directors in another way (Winkler, 2010). Another reason for the professional misconduct of billionaire businessmen is the desire to do something different. Sometimes they think that they have achieved everything in their life, so what is next exciting job for them. Thus, the thrill of danger involved gives them the drive to do something unusual. So, they tend to try new things in their jobs to gain more advantage out of their business. Thus, gradually, this tendency leads to their deviation from right to wrong and they cant step back because they merge themselves in the offence to that extent that they fear to get exposed to the public. So they keep on doing that without expecting to get caught one day. Sometimes, people start their offence with small misconduct. To get benefit, they just try a mischief by manipulating the account books by little difference. They think that is very easy as they didnt get caught. So, next year they again do that to cover last years gap. Then, they feel uneasy to stop that as they dont know how to get out of this. Hence, they commit that mistake again and again until that mistake gets transformed to a blunder and then to a largest fraud. In case of Satyam, Ramalinga Raju had to overstate the income every quarter to cover the last gaps. When he finally disclosed the fraud, he mentioned, It was like riding a tiger, not knowing how to get off without being eaten (Winkler, 2010 pg 5). Thus, a small mistake led him to the edge, where he didnt know how to get back and he became convicted of the scam of billions. In a competitive corporate world, billionaires become prone to be more successful than their rivals. They become habitual of winning. So, when they perceive that next situation is not going to be in their favour, it hurts their sense of pride. Thus, they become ready to do anything to maintain their status and repute. They just forget that by choosing wrong way to success, their pride will sustain for short term. For the long term, they will have to pay for every wrong deed. Thus, all the above mentioned reasons together give an example of weak corporate governance of India. Personal greed of the chairman and negligence of duty by board of directors and the audit committee resulted in a worst scandal in Indian history. Now, the second section of essay will provide some implications to prevent these types of corporate frauds in future. After Satyam scandal, Indian regulators started working for the improvement in corporate governance of India. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is a main regulatory authority for Indias stock market (Afsharipour, 2009). It proposed some regulations that should be strictly followed by all companies to maintain good governance standards. But, still it is difficult for the corporate government of India to make changes in their standards in short period of time to prevent further frauds. Still, it can be achieved by facilitating strict enforcement of their rules. First of all, government should take initiative by being strict in its laws and regulations. Government can initiate this from the roots of crime, that is, bribery. They should punish the bribe givers and bribe takers. The persons, who give or take bribe for their own interests and grab the rights of other people involved in the business, deserve punishment. It will help to prevent further corruption as people will avoid it for the fear of strict punishment. If still any person is involved in any kind of fraud or scam, they should be sent to prison and their assets should be seized. They should make suffer hard so that in future nobody will feel secure or easy to get away with a crime. Also, there are some duties of companies towards their employees. Employees should be encouraged to whistle blowing. Whistleblowing helps to avoid and eliminate evil and to decrease the probability of misconduct and dishonesty in an organisation (Grace Cohen 2010). All the employees should be aware of the means that how can they disclose unethical behaviour of board member or any other person in the company without getting affected. This would create a strict and honest environment in the companies as everybody will be afraid of getting caught if they would chose to be corrupt. Also, to make this step successful, whistle blowers should firstly, provide full protection. That will encourage them to follow the moral behaviour and stand against evil. This practice will play an important role in the prevention of corruption and frauds. Moreover, to get best out of their workforce companies can encourage employees to buy some shares from the company. If employees have some shares in the c ompany, they are working; they will work for the best interest of the company. They will not favour any bribery and stand against evil in firm. Hence, it will lead to best corporate results. To avoid unethical behaviours in companies, business should be run on the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility. Under this concept, businesses become committed to behave ethically. In the companies, duties are performed morally towards contribution to economic development, while considering the interests of employees, all stakeholders and society as a whole (Ferrar, 2008). CSR works in long term interest of the company and it also increases companys reputation. Hence, a company working on the concept of CSR will have good quality workforce who will focus on the interests of all the people attached to the business. In corporations, there are two audit committees. First is internal audit committee that is comprised of independent directors of the company. They scan all the operations in the firm including income statements. They make sure that no unreliable and false information regarding financial report would be given to the shareholders (Solomon, 2007). They are responsible for the internal audit system. Hence they ensure the accuracy of all the operations inside the firm. External auditors are the auditors from outside the company. They review the performance of internal auditors, that is, they check internal audit functions. They scan companys whole financial reporting process (Afsharipour, 2009). In India, there is need for more clear functions of audit committees. There is need for more independence and better composition of internal auditors. More frequent meetings of audit committees should be encouraged. It will help in more effective internal control. Also, more meetings will help in effective judgement and decision making (Al-Mudhaki and Joshi, 2004). Moreover, an audit committee should not work with a company for more than five years. They should be changed after every five years, otherwise, they will get lazy working with same company and they might get involved with some people of company. That can affect their performance as auditors because their job needs total unbiasedness. Final check of the financial reports should be done by anonymous external auditors so that directors will not find any opportunity to bribe them. Hence, effective role of auditors is very necessary to avoid corporate failures. In India, corporate governance has been put into practice through clauses of Companies act 1956 (Farias, 2001). Companies Act in India has been drawn a lot from UK Companies Act 1948 (Afsharipour, 2009). But, still Indian Companies Act doesnt put more stress on the independence and qualification of board of directors and investor protection. In India, lack of independent and qualified directors leads to weak corporate governance. Most independent directors are the university professors or government officials. They show least interest in their duties and monitoring the performance of management. According to Zhang and Rajagopalan (2008), to ensure unbiasedness and quality of boardroom, foreign directors can be appointed. Also, India can open its market for foreign investors. Hence, independence of directors will ensure right and unbiased decision making and avoidance of any influence from anybody. India corporate governance needs to put great emphasis on transparency and disclosure. Transparency and disclosure are very necessary to eliminate corruption and to ensure precision of all the operations performed in a business (Zhang and Rajagopalan (2008). Corporations should not hide anything from the public. They should be transparent and clear in their operations and disclose their annual agendas every year. They should state clearly in the beginning of financial year what they are going to do and how they are going to use the shareholders money. Companies should work in favour of more voluntary disclosure. They should disclose their balance sheet position more than once a year, perhaps twice. This will help to avoid mismanagement of account books. If there would any falsification in the statements of balance sheet then it will be prevented on time. Hence, transparency and disclosure in business adds up to the value and quality of operations in the business. Companies will be mo re honest and true in their approaches leading to achievement of good corporate governance standards. Reaction of American government to Enron scandal resulted in Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOA) in 1992 which holds lots of reforms in corporate governance in America. SOA put great emphasis on certification system in corporations. According to this act, each quarterly and annual report must be certified by CEO and CFO of the company (Pinto Branson, 2009). They should review the financial reports themselves and should take responsibility. This law has been adopted by Indian Companies Act in Clause 49 but it doesnt put criminal liability in case of fake or wrong statement (Afsharipour, 2009). So, absence of criminal liability means there will not be any fear of law in people and they can easily alter the financial statements. There is no benefit in implementing a regulation with no strict criminal law on the violation of that regulation. Hence, if any law is implemented by the regulators, it should be strengthened with penalties, in case if somebody dares to break those laws. It will help to i nstall fear of law in minds of people so that they wont even think to go against laws in a corporation. Failure of Indian Judicial System to settle corporate conflicts is another reason for weak corporate governance in India (Afsharipour, 2009). Delays in making decisions in judiciary process often led to ignorance of issues. Hence, judiciary processes in India are strongly criticised because of their negligence of judicial system. Thus, more steps should be taken towards the reforms in Judiciary System. This will help in timely resolving of corporate disputes and ensure the effective corporate governance standards. Ministry of Company Affairs (MCA) is government regulatory body and Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is independent securities regulator. Since creation of SEBI in 1992, there have been continuous conflicts between SEBI and MCA. (Afsharipour,2009). Simultaneous exercise of all legislative responsibilities by both regulatory bodies is increasing tension between SEBI and MCA. This conflict and competition between two groups is putting hindrance on the way of corporate governance reforms. SEBI adopted most of the legislative regulations but implemented few of them. Both of the groups have least focus on corporate governance regulations and more focus on undermining each other. So, authorisation of SEBI and MCA on the regulations in the companies should be managed effectively so as to resolve conflict between both groups. Both of the groups should work in harmony for the strict implementation of all the regulations and thus, it will further help to achieve better standards for t he corporate governance. Apart from these reforms, one thing that builds the foundation of the corporate governance is the ethics of people. So, it should be reformed from the roots. That is, students should be taught ethics in schools (Kaur and Mishra, 2010). Especially in a country like India, there is need for the honest and ethical people. Introduction of ethical education in schools would strengthen the roots of corporate governance. In conclusion, there is an urgent need to take revolutionary steps for the governance reforms to prevent corporate failures due to scandals. Hence, as no business can operate in a vacuum, directors have some fiduciary responsibilities towards stakeholders. If directors step out of line of honesty, they should be punished. The first part of essay identified some reasons for convergence in behaviour of billionaires that leads to large corporate frauds. The second part of essay provided some recommendations for corporate governance reforms which would help to prevent frauds in companies. After analysing all the points, this essay puts great emphasis on the implementation of strict laws against corruption. This would mark the prevention of debacles like Satyam for a longer time in the future. Word count: 2650